In today’s digital and fast-paced world, defamation whether online or offline can severely damage your reputation. If someone has falsely accused you, spread rumors, or made damaging statements, Pakistan’s law allows you to safeguard your dignity and claim compensation.
This guide explains how to file a defamation suit in Pakistan, both civil and criminal, under the Defamation Ordinance 2002 and Pakistan Penal Code (PPC).
What is Defamation?
Defamation involves making a false statement that harms another person’s reputation. It is categorized into:
- Libel: Written/printed defamation
- Slander: Spoken defamation
Relevant Laws for Defamation in Pakistan
Defamation Ordinance 2002
This covers civil defamation and provides remedies including apology and compensation.
Pakistan Penal Code (PPC)
- Section 500 PPC: Punishment for defamation (up to 2 years imprisonment, fine, or both)
- Section 501-502 PPC: Printing/sale of defamatory materials
Procedure to File a Civil Defamation Suit (Defamation Ordinance 2002)
Step 1: Serve a Legal Notice
- Section 8 of the Ordinance requires the plaintiff to send a 14-day legal notice demanding an apology or compensation.
Step 2: File a Suit in District Court
If no response or settlement is reached, a civil suit is filed in the District Court within 2 months.
Required Documents:
- CNIC copy
- Proof of defamation (screenshots, recordings, printouts)
- Legal notice copy
- Witnesses (if any)
- Affidavit and plaint
Compensation:
The law allows for minimum Rs. 300,000 as damages, and the amount can increase based on the severity.
Filing a Criminal Defamation Complaint (PPC)
Step 1: File a Complaint to Police/Magistrate
- Approach the local Police Station or file a direct complaint to the Magistrate (Section 200 CrPC)
Step 2: Police Investigation
Police will investigate under Section 500 PPC if the case is registered.
Required Documents:
- CNIC copy
- FIR/complaint copy
- Proof of defamation
- Witnesses’ statements
Punishment:
- Imprisonment up to 2 years
- Fine (discretion of court)
Court Fee
- Civil Suit: ~Rs. 1500 to 3000 stamp papers (varies by claim amount)
- Criminal Case: Nominal filing fee (Rs. 50 to 200)
Timeline
- Civil case: ~6 months to 1 year (depends on court backlog)
- Criminal case: Varies (usually faster in urgent matters)
FAQs
Q: Can I file both civil and criminal defamation cases?
Yes, both can run simultaneously.
Q: Can companies file defamation suits?
Yes, both individuals and legal entities can file defamation cases.
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